sf data frame with POINT geometry containing presence records of the plant
Linaria nigricans, greenhouses, and background points from Eastern Andalusia (Spain). The dataframe contains 2 response variables (see linaria_responses), and 20 numeric predictors (see linaria_predictors). Use linaria_extra() to download the associated environmental raster.
The dataset combines species presence records, greenhouse presence records (representing competing land use), and randomly sampled background points. Species presences and greenhouse presences were spatially thinned at 400 m to remove redundancy at the raster resolution. Background points were randomly sampled within the extent of the presence records. Environmental predictors were extracted from a Landsat/DEM-derived raster at 400 m resolution (EPSG:25830).
Usage
data(linaria)Format
An sf data frame with 7386 rows (presences and background points) and 25 columns:
Response variables (2):
linaria_nigricans: Binary integer (1 = confirmed Linaria nigricans presence, 0 = greenhouse presence or background point).greenhouses: Binary integer (1 = greenhouse presence, 0 = Linaria nigricans presence or background point).
Predictor variables - Landsat (7):
landsat_band_1: Landsat TM Band 1 — Blue (0.45–0.52 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_2: Landsat TM Band 2 — Green (0.52–0.60 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_3: Landsat TM Band 3 — Red (0.63–0.69 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_4: Landsat TM Band 4 — Near-infrared (0.76–0.90 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_5: Landsat TM Band 5 — Short-wave infrared 1 (1.55–1.75 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_6: Landsat TM Band 6 — Thermal infrared (10.4–12.5 µm), brightness temperature (K).landsat_ndvi: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index derived from Landsat bands 3 and 4.
Predictor variables - Rainfall (2):
rainfall_annual: Total annual rainfall (mm).rainfall_summer: Total summer rainfall (mm, June–September).
Predictor variables - Solar radiation (2):
solar_radiation_summer: Mean daily solar radiation in summer (kJ m-2 day-1).solar_radiation_winter: Mean daily solar radiation in winter (kJ m-2 day-1).
Predictor variables - Temperature (4):
temperature_summer_max: Mean maximum temperature in summer (degrees C).temperature_summer_min: Mean minimum temperature in summer (degrees C).temperature_winter_max: Mean maximum temperature in winter (degrees C).temperature_winter_min: Mean minimum temperature in winter (degrees C).
Predictor variables - Topography (5):
topography_eastness: Eastward component of aspect (sin of aspect in radians).topography_elevation: Elevation above sea level (m).topography_northness: Northward component of aspect (cos of aspect in radians).topography_position: Topographic position index (local elevation relative to neighbourhood mean).topography_slope: Slope gradient (degrees).
Geometry:
geometry: Point geometry (ETRS89 / UTM zone 30N, EPSG:25830).
Source
Published studies:
Benito, B.M., Martínez-Ortega, M.M., Munoz, L.M., Lorite, J. & Penas, J. (2009). Assessing extinction-risk of endangered plants using species distribution models: a case study of habitat depletion caused by the spread of greenhouses. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(9), 2509–2520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9706-6
Peñas, J., Benito, B., Lorite, J., et al. (2011). Habitat fragmentation in arid zones: a case study of Linaria nigricans under land use changes (SE Spain). Environmental Management, 48, 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9663-y
Species occurrence data:
Original field surveys conducted by B.M. Benito in SE Spain (Sierra Nevada and surrounding arid zones).
Landsat imagery:
Nunes de Lima, M. V. (Ed.) (2005). IMAGE2000 and CLC2000 – Products and methods. Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, and European Environment Agency. Publications Office of the European Union. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/84dd2bad-14d9-4a65-9b92-3b4507d09e44/language-en
Climate variables:
Ninyerola, M., Pons, X. & Roure, J.M. (2005). Atlas Climático Digital de la Península Ibérica: Metodología y aplicaciones en bioclimatología y geobotánica. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra.
Topography:
Instituto Geográfico Nacional. Modelo Digital del Terreno (MDT25). https://www.ign.es
See also
Other linaria:
linaria_extra(),
linaria_predictors,
linaria_responses