sf data frame with POINT geometry containing presence records of the plant
Linaria nigricans, greenhouses, and background points from Eastern Andalusia (Spain). The dataframe contains 2 response variables (see linaria_responses), and 20 numeric predictors (see linaria_predictors). Use linaria_extra() to download the associated environmental raster.
The dataset combines species presence records, greenhouse presence records (representing a competing land use), and randomly sampled background points. Species presences and greenhouse presences were spatially thinned at 400 m to remove redundancy at the raster resolution. Background points were randomly sampled within the extent of the presence records. Environmental predictors were extracted from a Landsat/DEM-derived raster at 400 m resolution (EPSG:25830).
Usage
data(linaria)Format
An sf data frame with 7386 rows (presences and background points) and 25 columns:
Response variables:
linaria_nigricans: Binary integer (1 = confirmed Linaria nigricans presence, 0 = greenhouse presence or background point).greenhouses: Binary integer (1 = greenhouse presence, 0 = Linaria nigricans presence or background point).
Predictor variables:
landsat_band_1: Landsat TM Band 1 — Blue (0.45–0.52 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_2: Landsat TM Band 2 — Green (0.52–0.60 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_3: Landsat TM Band 3 — Red (0.63–0.69 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_4: Landsat TM Band 4 — Near-infrared (0.76–0.90 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_5: Landsat TM Band 5 — Short-wave infrared 1 (1.55–1.75 µm), surface reflectance.landsat_band_6: Landsat TM Band 6 — Thermal infrared (10.4–12.5 µm), brightness temperature (K).landsat_ndvi: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index derived from Landsat bands 3 and 4.rainfall_annual: Total annual rainfall (mm).rainfall_summer: Total summer rainfall (mm, June–September).solar_radiation_summer: Mean daily solar radiation in summer (kJ m-2 day-1).solar_radiation_winter: Mean daily solar radiation in winter (kJ m-2 day-1).temperature_summer_max: Mean maximum temperature in summer (degrees C).temperature_summer_min: Mean minimum temperature in summer (degrees C).temperature_winter_max: Mean maximum temperature in winter (degrees C).temperature_winter_min: Mean minimum temperature in winter (degrees C).topography_eastness: Eastward component of aspect (sin of aspect in radians).topography_elevation: Elevation above sea level (m).topography_northness: Northward component of aspect (cos of aspect in radians).topography_position: Topographic position index (local elevation relative to neighbourhood mean).topography_slope: Slope gradient (degrees).
Geometry:
geometry: Point geometry (ETRS89 / UTM zone 30N, EPSG:25830).
Source
Published studies:
Benito, B.M., Martínez-Ortega, M.M., Munoz, L.M., Lorite, J. & Penas, J. (2009). Assessing extinction-risk of endangered plants using species distribution models: a case study of habitat depletion caused by the spread of greenhouses. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(9), 2509–2520. doi:10.1007/s10531-009-9604-8
Peñas, J., Benito, B., Lorite, J., et al. (2011). Habitat fragmentation in arid zones: a case study of Linaria nigricans under land use changes (SE Spain). Environmental Management, 48, 168–176. doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9663-y
Landsat imagery:
Nunes de Lima, M. V. (Ed.) (2005). IMAGE2000 and CLC2000 – Products and methods. Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, and European Environment Agency. Publications Office of the European Union. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/84dd2bad-14d9-4a65-9b92-3b4507d09e44/language-en
Climate variables:
Ninyerola, M., Pons, X. & Roure, J.M. (2005). Atlas Climático Digital de la Península Ibérica: Metodología y aplicaciones en bioclimatología y geobotánica. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra.
Topography:
Instituto Geográfico Nacional. Modelo Digital del Terreno (MDT25). https://www.ign.es
See also
Other linaria:
linaria_extra(),
linaria_predictors,
linaria_responses
Examples
data(linaria)
colnames(linaria)
#> [1] "linaria_nigricans" "greenhouses" "landsat_band_1"
#> [4] "landsat_band_2" "landsat_band_3" "landsat_band_4"
#> [7] "landsat_band_5" "landsat_band_6" "landsat_ndvi"
#> [10] "rainfall_annual" "rainfall_summer" "solar_radiation_summer"
#> [13] "solar_radiation_winter" "temperature_summer_max" "temperature_summer_min"
#> [16] "temperature_winter_max" "temperature_winter_min" "topography_eastness"
#> [19] "topography_elevation" "topography_northness" "topography_position"
#> [22] "topography_slope" "x" "y"
#> [25] "geometry"
nrow(linaria)
#> [1] 7386
ncol(linaria)
#> [1] 25